What is tonkin campaign & can vuong movement location?

The Tonkin Campaign was a series of military expeditions undertaken by the French colonial army against the Vietnamese forces in Tonkin, northern Vietnam, between 1883 and 1886. The campaign was initiated by the French in order to expand their colonial territory and to gain control over the lucrative trade routes in the region. The French forces initially faced strong resistance from the Vietnamese army, but ultimately succeeded in securing their control over the region.

The Can Vuong Movement was a resistance movement against the French colonial rule in Vietnam, led by various traditional Vietnamese rulers, who were known as Can Vuong leaders. The movement was active from 1885 to 1897 and was centered in the northern part of Vietnam, particularly in the provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh. The Can Vuong leaders sought to unite the various Vietnamese factions against the French and their collaborators, and to restore the traditional Vietnamese monarchy. Despite their efforts, the movement was ultimately crushed by the French colonial forces, resulting in the exile or execution of many of its leaders.